Exit Quiz #12 Answers

1. Which 3 organs are covered or wrapped by the greater omentum? 

Small intestine, (transverse) colon, spleen

2. What anatomical structures prevent food from:

                  a. entering the trachea?    Epiglottis

                  b. entering the nasopharynx?    soft palate

                  c. reentering the mouth?   tongue

3. Via what duct does bile enter the gall bladder? Via what duct does bile leave the gall bladder?

The cystic duct for both

4. There are four places along the GI tract where the passage of material is regulated by sphincters.  Name one sphincter at each of these locations.

Pyloric sphincter

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Ileo-cecal valve

Internal or external anal sphincter

5. Which part of the alimentary canal is lined with simple columnar epithelium? Which part is lined with stratified squamous epithelium?

Simple columnar – GI tract (stomach to anal canal)

Stratified squamous – mouth, pharynx, esophagus

Exit Quiz #11 Answers

1. What forces lymph from capillaries towards the heart, and what structures prevent backwards flow of lymph? Skeletal muscle contractions and intestinal movements move lymph, and one-way valves in the vessels prevent backwards flow

2. The arytenoids are what type of connective tissue? Hyaline cartilage

3. How do humans produce vocalizations? (1 sentence is sufficient) By vibrating the vocal folds/true vocal cords as air passes between them

4. Explain one benefit of having C-shaped, rather than circular, tracheal cartilage. C-shaped cartilage allows the trachea to contract to help expel air during coughing, or it allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food passes through it.

5. A “pneumothorax” is a condition in which air gets into the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse. Why doesn’t a pneumothorax on the left side cause collapse of the right lung? Each lung has its own pleura

Exit Quiz #10 Answers

1. What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
Anchor the AV valves in the closed position so blood does not flow backwards into the atria when the ventricles contract.

2. Serous fluid is found between which two layers surrounding the heart?
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium/epicardium

3. Which veins carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary

4. Which artery supplies the cerebellum, pons, and inner ear?
Basilar

5. Number the following steps of heart contraction in order of first (1) to last (5)
4       Impulses pass through bundle of His and Purkinje fibers
1       S-A node fires
5       Ventricles contract
3       A-V node fires
2      Atria contract

Exit Quiz #9 Answers

1. Which muscles are affected in a “pulled groin”? What movements are these muscles used in? Adductors (adductor magnus and longus). Adduct, flex, and medially rotate thigh (or used to press legs together, pelvic tilting movements and fixing the hip during walking).

2. In what movement are the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major synergists? In what movement are they antagonists?
Synergists: arm adduction
Antagonists: arm flexion-extension

3. Which 3 of the quadriceps originate on the femur? What is the insertion point for all 4 of the quadriceps?
Vastus lateralis, intermedius, medialis
Insert into patella, then via patellar ligament into tibial tuberosity

4. What muscles flex the forearm? Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis (NOT triceps)

5. Which muscles invert the foot?
Tibialis anterior and posterior

Exit Quiz #8 Answers

1.   Identify two specific bones that form a hinge joint.

All of the answers below are correct:

a)     an elbow joint = humerus and ulna

b)     joints of fingers and toes (interphalangeal joints) = joints between distal and intermediate phalanges AND joints between intermediate and proximal phalanges

c)     metacarpophalangeal joint of thumb  

d)     an ankle joint = tibia, talus, and fibula

e)     a knee (a pivotal hinge joint) = tibia, femur, and patella

2. What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?  What type of impact typically injures the ACL?

Prevents forward sliding of the tibia on the femur and checks hypertension of the knee; Impact on anterior aspect of knee with leg planted causing a severe posterior bend.

3. What type of movement would be affected by injury to the masseter and temporalis muscles?

Mastication/chewing [masseter]; closing of jaw [temporalis]

4. What muscles are primarily responsible for inhaling? Diaphragm and external intercostals (NOT internal intercostals)

5. What is are the origin and insertion for the sternocleidomastoid?

O: manubrium of sternum and medial portion of the clavicle

I: mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

Exit Quiz #7 Answers

1. What muscle and type of muscle dilates the pupil? radial smooth muscle/dilator pupillae/pupillary dialator

2. What nerve innervates the inferior oblique muscle of the external eye? What movement does that allow? CNIII; lateral rotation, elevation, abduction

3. What is the function of the Eustachian tube? Equalize the air pressure between the external and middle ears.

4. The osseous membrane of the inner ear includes which structures? Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals

5. The olfactory epithelium is inferior to which bone structure? Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Exit Quiz #6 Answers

1. What kind of nerves (sensory - S, motor - M or both - B) can you find in:

a) spinal nerves  B

b) ventral roots  M

c) dorsal rootlets  S

2. What is the largest nerve in the body? Where does it originate?

sciatic nerve, sacral plexus (L4-S4)

3. What are the parasympathetic functions of the facial (VII) nerve? Name 2.

innervates submandibular and sublingual salivary glands (to regulate saliva secretion)

innervates lacrimal glands (to secrete tears)

4. Which cranial nerves allow you to move your eyes?  CN III, IV, and VI (oculomotor, trochlear and abducens)

Where do they originate?  midbrain and pons

5. Which nerve innervates your diaphragm? Does it originate in your brachial plexus?

phrenic nerve; no 

Exit Quiz #5 Answers

1.     CSF is found between which two layers of the meninges? Arachnoid and pia maters.

2.     The floor of the 3^rd ventricle is formed mostly by the __hypothalamus.

3.     Arbor vitae refers to the appearance of the __ white matter/myelinated axons ___ in the __cerebellum.

4.     Each of the ventricles has an associated structure called a ___ choroid plexus_, which produces __ CSF ___.

5.     The ___ corpora quadrigemina____ coordinates head movement with visual and auditory stimuli.

Exit Quiz #4 Answers

1.  Posteriorly, all ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae. The head of the rib articulates with _______the body of the same-numbered and immediately superior vertebrae___________________, and the tubercle of the rib articulates with  _____the costal facet of the transverse process of the same-numbered vertebra _______

2. In the anatomical position which of the forearm bones lies medially? __ulna___________________

3. How many phalanges are there in the right thumb? ___2___How is each specifically identified in anatomical terms? ________right #1 proximal phalanx; right #1 distal phalanx___________________

4. Proximally, the femur articulates with ________the hip bone____________________________, and distally, it articulates with ______the tibia________

5. Compare the model of the female and the male pelvis and identify the anatomical childbearing adaptations of the ischial tuberosities, sacrum and coccyx. ____________ischial tuberosities shorter; sacrum wider and shorter; coccyx straighter, movable______________________________________

Extra Question, not graded.

6. Which bones contribute to the knee joint?  _______femur, tibia, and patella______________ 

Exit Quiz #3 Answers

1.  What bones are joined by the squamous suture? _____temporal and parietal_________________

2. The nasal septum is composed of a single cartilage component ___the septal cartilage__________, and two major bony components __vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone_________________ (be specific: X part of Y bone).

3. The atlas articulates with__the occipital condyles (of the occipital bone)__ (be specific)

4. The human skull has numerous foramina (holes) through which nerves, arteries and veins pass.  For example, the hypoglossal canals located in the ________occipital bone___________ transmit ______hypoglossal nerve________, which controls almost all muscles of your tongue, thereby controlling speech, food manipulation, and swallowing.

5. Name four pairs of paranasal sinuses:  ____frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary_______________

Exit Quiz #2 Answers

1.  External part of your ears is built from _____elastic cartilage____. The dominant mature cell type in this tissue is ___chondrocyte___, which lies in ___lacuna__.

2. The thick skin of palms and soles can be distinguished from the thin skin by the presence of translucent__stratum lucidum___. This skin layer lies deep to ___stratum corneum__.

3. Name the 3 types of fibers found in connective tissues: _____collagen, elastic, reticular____

4. Melanocytes can be found in stratum _____basale/germinativum_____

5. Which three (3) differences in appearance would you use to distinguish the cardiac muscle from the skeletal muscle?  ____number of nuclei; cell shape (branched vs. cylindrical); presence of intercalated discs___

6. Name the 3 types of cells found in all loose connective tissues: _____fibroblasts, fat cells, defense cells_______

Exit Quiz #1 Answers

1. The outer serous membrane surrounding the heart is called _____parietal pericardium_________.

2. Fill in the appropriate directional term: The wrist is __distal_______ to the elbow.

3. Which cell organelle produces ATP/energy? _____mitochondrion_______.

4. The Fallopian tubes are lined with ______ (ciliated) simple columnar____ epithelial tissue. The beating of _____the cilia______ helps move the egg from the ovary to the uterus.

5. The free surface of the epithelial tissue is called the ____apical surface/membrane___, and the part that lines the bottom of the tissue is called the ______basal membrane/surface____.