Exit Quiz #11 Answers

1. What forces lymph from capillaries towards the heart, and what structures prevent backwards flow of lymph? Skeletal muscle contractions and intestinal movements move lymph, and one-way valves in the vessels prevent backwards flow

2. The arytenoids are what type of connective tissue? Hyaline cartilage

3. How do humans produce vocalizations? (1 sentence is sufficient) By vibrating the vocal folds/true vocal cords as air passes between them

4. Explain one benefit of having C-shaped, rather than circular, tracheal cartilage. C-shaped cartilage allows the trachea to contract to help expel air during coughing, or it allows the esophagus to expand anteriorly when food passes through it.

5. A “pneumothorax” is a condition in which air gets into the pleural cavity, causing the lung to collapse. Why doesn’t a pneumothorax on the left side cause collapse of the right lung? Each lung has its own pleura

Entrance Quiz #8 Answers

1. Identify A. What is its function?  Monocyte. It can differentiate/divide into macrophages/dendritic cells to elicit an immune response.  
2. Identify A.  Ligamentum arteriosum.
3. List the layers of the heart wall starting with the most superficial layer.  Epicardium (aka Visceral Pericardium), Myocardium, Endocardium.
4. Identify A. What is its function?  Lymphocyte.  Defense from tumors and viruses.
5. Identify A.  Auricle.
6. Identify A.  Bicuspid/Mitral valve.
7. Identify A and B.  A: Neutrophil. B: Basophil.
8. Identify A and B.  A: Papillary muscle. B: Chordae tendineae. 
9. Identify A. What is its function?  Sinoatrial node. Primary pacemaker of the heart. 
10. Identify A. Is the blood in A oxygenated or not? Pulmonary trunk. No.

The Respiratory System

Don't forget to look for the components of the pharynx on the photos published in the post "Head Models."

Head Models

The Lymphatic System

Don't forget to look for the tonsils on the photos published in the post "Head Models."

Exit Quiz #10 Answers

1. What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
Anchor the AV valves in the closed position so blood does not flow backwards into the atria when the ventricles contract.

2. Serous fluid is found between which two layers surrounding the heart?
Parietal pericardium and visceral pericardium/epicardium

3. Which veins carry oxygenated blood?
Pulmonary

4. Which artery supplies the cerebellum, pons, and inner ear?
Basilar

5. Number the following steps of heart contraction in order of first (1) to last (5)
4       Impulses pass through bundle of His and Purkinje fibers
1       S-A node fires
5       Ventricles contract
3       A-V node fires
2      Atria contract

Arteries and Veins